How to use roman numeral analysis for V chords
I am studying a song in Fm and the song has a the C7 V chord. I learned that you write the roman numeral V for this. Then later in the song it uses the Eb7 chord which is also the V chord but in the key of Ab. So do you also use the roman numeral V for this?
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Two basic ways to do it: show a key change, or show a secondary function...
Fm: V7 | i Ab: V7 | I ...that shows a key change the two V7 are specific to the keys as labeled.
Fm: V7 | i V7/iii | iii ...that shows the V7 relative to iii using a slash. A key change has not been labeled so it's called a secondary function.
If the key is still in F, Eb will be called bVII 7th.
This is because Eb is the b7 from the key of F.
Btw this is a basic chord progression following harmonic minor/aeolian. Here Fm / C7 means F harmonic minor but Eb7 means it changed to F aeolian.
Indeed, C7 is the V chord for Fm. And E♭7 is the V chord for A♭. In the same piece, which hasn't modulated or changed key, V can't be both.
If the piece has modulated or changed key, then it could be construed that A♭ is the new I, which then makes E♭7 V (V7 exactly).
In key F minor, Fm is known as 'i', but A♭ will be III, and E♭ VII.
Could it be that a new section of the piece has changed the tonic from F to A♭? If so, that's why E♭ is called V. Otherwise, to answer your direct question, E♭7 will be ♭VII7.
EDIT: now we have the full sequence, I'd put A♭ as I, and Fm as vi, as in key A♭ major. Making the C7 III7, as opposed to V/vi, which it would be if only it was followed by Fm.
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