: Is a lab “test” the overall collection of things, or the individual things in the collection? At some laboratories, such as image #1, there is one overall "test" which contain many "markers". At other laboratories, such

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Even if you get the results of several tests on one paper, every single test is a separate test. For example, electrolyte panel can contain results for sodium, potassium, chlorine and bicarbonate tests, but you don't need to use the word "test" when describing the results.

When describing the results of actual tests in practice, you can use levels, which can be either high (or elevated) or low (or decreased). You can use levels for minerals (sodium, potassium, iron, magnesium), vitamins, blood cells (leukocytes, neutrophils, monocytes...), glucose, cholesterol, liver enzymes, etc. For example:

My blood potassium level was high.
My fasting blood glucose was high. (You can skip the word "level" and also the "test.")
My HDL cholesterol was low.
My neutrophils were slightly increased.

Immunological/allergic tests can be positive or negative.

My skin prick test result for wheat was positive.
My test for antinuclear antibodies was negative.

So, there are several possibilities how to mention or not mention the "test" or "result" or "level." You can skip them all if the meaning is clear from the context.

I haven't heard or read that any doctor or health article writer would use "marker" for any test result presented to a patient. Authors usually use the term when discussing new tests in development or comparing new and old type of tests to say, which test result more reliably show the underlying pathology. For example:

Diabetes: glycated hemoglobin is a marker of diabetes and CVD risk.
Markers of Atherosclerosis, Clinical Characteristics, and Treatment Patterns Among Middle-Aged Adult Patients with Heart Failure in Kenya