6YO over-reacts to minor problems
Most of the time my 6YO daughter is quite happy and fully of energy. However when minor problems occur she over-reacts. i.e. falls down on the floor with her head in her hands and wails and cries. She's behaved this way for the last few years. This happens on average about once per day.
Example things that can trigger this:
Trying on clothes that are not comfortable
Making a blanket den which collapses
Making mistakes when writing (e.g. mispelling or writing a letter backwards)
Being rushed by us (!) when getting ready for school
Being told not to intervene when a boy (Bobby) has taken her friend's (Bobby's little sister) scooter, and she tried to grab it back. (We told her to let Bobby's mum sort it out)
I have seen her tolerance of some things improve (e.g. with writing she's slightly more accepting of making mistakes and crossing them out - but that's taken a long time with help from her teacher).
How can I help her react more calmly in these situations and become more resilient? I feel sad that she gets so upset about these minor things.
In the past I've gotten cross with her and said "Will you STOP CRYING! IT'S NOT NECESSARY!" which I know doesn't help. These days I try and speak to her calmly and ask her quietly "Why are you crying? What's making you feel sad?". I think it helps overall, but she still continues to over-react.
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It might be worth looking at different developmental disorders and matching what behaviours your daughter has with them. If you think that she might have one them speak to a doctor and see if you can get a diagnosis.
It is possible that she is Autistic. My girlfriend wasn't diagnosed with it until she was 30 despite having shown very obvious traits from early childhood. Showing her the list you had in your question she identified with all of them. As an example:
She can't wear tight/restrictive clothing for long periods
Sometime needs alone time away from people (blanket den)
Responds badly to sudden changes in plan, such as being rushed to leave the house
If you can get a diagnosis of a developmental disorder, it will help put behaviours into context, allow you to find specific coping mechanisms and allow you/her to find support groups where people share their experiences.
It's pretty common for kids to lack (to some degree) resilience/distress tolerance, but fortunately this is something that can be taught.
It starts with kids understanding what their emotions are-- being able to notice and name "I am frustrated" vs "I am sad" vs "I am embarrassed". Overtime they can delve into more nuanced emotions, to say "I'm excited" and know how it's different from nervous, worried, or scared. Knowing and naming lots of emotional states beyond just happy and sad is a skill that will improve their emotional health and ability to relate to others for a lifetime.
Some simple ways to start learning this are by reading children's books about emotions, making a simple chart with a bunch of feeling words and faces so your children can mark how they feel visually (for example by pointing, or place the chart on the fridge and let them put a magnet on the face that shows their current mood), and asking questions (or making guesses) about their feelings throughout the day. "Are you relieved the homework is done?", "Are you anxious about your first airplane trip, or are you excited? A little of both?"
You can also model emotional regulation by explaining your feelings, and healthy strategies of coping, out loud to them. "I really wanted to go for my run but it's raining! I'm so disappointed! I guess I should take a few deep breaths and then I can think of something else to do... Hm, ok, maybe I can do a yoga video instead."
Once she knows what her feelings are, and that she can use her words to identify them, introduce some "coping tools" to help her tame her emotions. There are lots of possible coping strategies, but some examples include: taking deep breaths, jumping rope or jumping on a mini trampoline, listening to music, counting to 10, splashing water on her face to 'cool down', squeezing a stress ball, cuddling a soft toy, or writing or drawing about her feelings. It might help to have one tool that's always available to use 'on the fly' for minor upsets (like deep breaths) and something more involved to provide daily emotional comfort (like listening to music and painting).
It seems that you have already noticed how much more effective validation and emotional support is, compared to reprimand, when she does have a meltdown. In the big picture, part of the goal is to teach her to seek emotional support in a healthy way, and to essentially provide herself emotional support when the situation/upset is small enough for her to handle on her own. When she is in tears, use supportive phrases like:
I am here for you
It is going to be ok
This will pass.
I can see you feel ___ because ____. (i.e I can see you feel frustrated because
your drawing doesn't look how you wanted.)
Sad (angry/frustrated/hurt/etc) feelings don't last forever
You can get through this.
Let's hug/ Let's take deep breaths together/ Let's use a coping tool
Eventually, she should start to internalize the messages that it's okay to have emotions, it's not "the end of the world" when she experiences a negative feeling, and that her state of acute distress won't go on for too long. Understanding that the worst and strongest experience of our bad feelings is usually short-lived and 'this too shall pass' is an important aspect of emotional resilience even as adults.
As you daughter starts to understand that she can survive upsetting circumstances, you can gently introduce the question, "Is this a big problem or a little problem?" You can give her examples of "little problems" (drew a letter wrong, tried on an uncomfortable shirt, her juicebox is empty), medium problems (skinned knee, argument with a friend, lost a toy) and big problems (hurt or in danger, being bullied, something genuinely upsetting has happened). Have her practice identifying big and small problems, and some appropriate responses to each. For example, small problems can often be handled by letting it go, or taking a deep breath and trying again. Medium problems may need a coping skill and perhaps help coming up with a solution, big problems usually need an adult to help.
Expect it to take a while for the idea that some problems (that truly feel huge to her) are actually small to sink in, but over time she should begin to build the internal sense of a proportionate response to her situation. Encourage her and let her know how well she's doing if she begins to use coping skills or identify reasonable responses to problems on her own. Resist the urge to scold or react in disappointment when she doesn't- remind her that she has the tools to handle this setback, that you will help her, and that her strong feelings are not forever and will pass.
For more information, you may want to investigate "zones of regulation", "Building distress tolerance" and "building emotional resilience", which are all related ideas but come at it from slightly different angles and schools of thought.
Here's some quick links on the subject, but you can find many more online. www.heysigmund.com/building-resilience-children/ https://liesaboutparenting.com/frustration-tolerance/ maxbrainfunction.com/zones-of-regulation/ https://healthyfamilies.beyondblue.org.au/healthy-homes/building-resilience
I would've commented on your question, but my limited reputation allows me only to directly answer.
There have been already a couple of other answers suggesting your daughter might be on the autism spectrum. Chances are, if she is on the spectrum, and she can talk, she's mildly affected (level 1 autism, very manageable with proper support), and you shouldn't worry too much at this point.
There are quite a few things you mentioned that are serious giveaways for a possible ASD diagnosis - intolerance of certain clothing (sensory issues), sticking to routine (when you rush her to get ready for school), resilience to change (how difficult it was for her to accept mistakes; autistics are often extremely diligent in their work). What seems to you like temper tantrums would actually be meltdowns, and they hurt. That's why she has her head in her hands. You won't be able to stop them, and yelling at her or ignoring her while she's in pain will only make things worse. When she tries clothing she doesn't like, that's because it hurts her as well; her senses are tuned differently to yours.
I really can't stress enough how important it is to get autism out of the way as soon as possible. If your daughter turns out not to be on the spectrum, all is well. If she is, you have the advantage to teach her social skills early on, and make the necessary sensory accommodations. She will grow up fine, at most a little quirky. If your daughter is on the spectrum, and you do nothing about it, normal parenting techniques will not work. You're looking at possibly years of bullying by her peers, a plethora of co-morbid mental illnesses, and an 80% possibility of unemployment in adulthood. Even if she's high functioning.
You've already given quite a few signs of autism, but here's a link with more: www.appliedbehavioranalysisprograms.com/lists/5-symptoms-of-high-functioning-autism/ Also, do a Google search on stimming and see whether you daughter stims. That's another sign of autism.
FWIW the answer you've accepted is on the right track; however alexithymia, or the difficulty/inability to identify and/or talk about one's emotions is very common (85%) in autism and may prevent you from seeing a positive outcome without professional assistance.
I wish you and your family all the best.
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