: Why do exercises for lower back pain concentrate on the abdominal musciles? I've gone to physical therapy twice in my life for lower back pain. Each time the exercises I was given concentrated on improving the strength of

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Your inner core is where majority of the Chronic LBP research supports working.

Inner Core

Transverse Abdominis
Multifidus
Diaphragm
Pelvic Floor

Transverse Abdominis Dysfunction

Numerous studies demonstrated timing and thickness change deficits in
subjects with LBP and athletes with groin pain
When respiration is challenged, TrA is the first muscle recruited to
assist with expiration
Activation of TrA is preparatory, normally occurs before activation
of primary mover and is not direction dependant.

There's no reason you can't work your glutes - research support this as well:

EMG results demonstrated that subjects with chronic lower back pain had significantly
higher levels of recruitment for the lower and upper gluteus maximus,
hamstrings, and erector spinae muscles during rotation when compared
to the control subjects

Supporting Research:

journals.lww.com/spinejournal/Abstract/2006/12150/Low_Back_Pain_Patients_Demonstrate_Increased_Hip.18.aspx www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3806175/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2899579/ www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3805012/ journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0141777