: What is this unfamiliar notation? The notation I've indicated in the red box in the attached image, what does it really mean in music context?

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Your excerpt comes from a Russian edition with piano accompaniment. The symbols ?-? are simply the Russian letters for f-p, that is, fortepiano, their word for pianoforte. The violin part starts at con sordino, which is why fingering is not given in the earlier bars.