: Meaning of "Uptempo" music vs "upbeat" music (and their opposites) Can the expression "uptempo music" be used as a synonym for "upbeat music"? Please note that I'm not referring to the music theory meaning of the term upbeat

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I wouldn't consider them synonymous.

Upbeat, other than the strictly musical definition of the last beat of the bar, is an expression of positive sentiment & is not exclusively used to describe music. e.g. this definition & these synonyms.

Up-tempo music, on the other hand, describes a fast tempo. It may also imply positive mood (can't find the example i saw of this implication the i saw this week, damn!), but generally not. e.g. this definition

[added]
Now, as for your identity relation: i don't think that hold either. According to a quick bit of research that i did:

downtempo & downbeat refer to a style of ambient music;
downbeat is the first beat of the bar (as you already observed), & by analogy it also applies to the beginning of a rehearsal or performance;
downbeat is the opposite of upbeat in the sense of meaning a negative mood as opposed to the positive upbeat mood.

So while upbeat & downbeat are opposites in terms of mood (positive/negative) & complements in terms of positions in the bar (last/first), uptempo & downtempo don't seem to have a similar relationship. Further, while the words downbeat & downtempo refer to a style of ambient electronica, they are not interchangeable in any other use.

In summary: upbeat & uptempo are not synonyms; downbeat & downtempo are both names for a style of music; upbeat mood is the opposite of downbeat mood; uptempo & downtempo aren't really antonyms as the former is a general description & the latter is a specific style.