Evidence that SARS-CoV-2 immunity is long lasting?
Public media seems to broadly suggest that a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is simply a matter of time. However, this not great source suggests that all other common human coronaviruses only provide immunity for 1-2 years after infection. None of them have effective human vaccines (source: I just clicked through all the ones here and they all say no human vaccine). Stepping one level higher, I can't find any [+]ssRNA viruses that have effective human vaccines.
What evidence, if any, do we have to suggest that we will be more successful in developing a vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 than for other similar viruses? What evidence, if any, do we have that acquired post-infection immunity or vaccination immunity would last for more than one year?
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Of the other known human corona viruses, only SARS and MERS have a significant mortality rate; MERS being quite deadly. While it is true that there is no approved vaccine against these yet, there has been some promising progress:
There are several vaccine candidates for MERS. One has completed a clinical trial with promising results.(source: Lancet)
Several candidate vaccines were developed for SARS. (sources: Future Medicine, NBC News). It seems that the first trials were based on the inactivated complete virus or the full spike protein of the virus. These vaccines showed that they stimulated the immune system to protect against the virus, but that the immune response was too harmful. A subsequent vaccine was based on only the receptor-binding domain of the viral spike protein. It appears that the developers were not able to get funding for a clinical trial.
Thankfully, SARS has been contained, and MERS only infects several hundred each year. I am hopeful that vaccines will eventually be approved for these diseases as well as COVID-19. I cannot speak to the how long the immunity from a vaccine would last.
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