: Markup text inside second volta bracket I want to format text in the headings of both 1st and 2nd ending Volta brackets in Lilypond. There are several examples of formatted text in the first ending bracket, but I cannot

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That's more a question of Scheme syntax than of LilyPond. First you have to note that ' in Scheme is used for quoting material rather than having it interpreted. What's worth quoting are lists (the things included in (...)) and symbols (basic strings used like identifiers). A list, when quoted, has all of its elements quoted and then is a list. If it is unquoted, it is evaluated. An evaluated list is a function call, with the first element being the function and the remaining elements being the values, all of which are evaluated before the call.

A typical function is list which takes its arguments and puts them into a list.

Another item that is different when evaluated is a symbol (mentioned above). Unevaluated, it is a unique thing that does not compare equal to any other unique thing. Evaluated, it is more or less a variable access.

So in the above,

#(list (list 'volta voltaAdLib) 'start-repeat)

is basically the same as

#'((volta i-would-like-the-value-of-voltaAdLib) start-repeat)

for which one can use quasiquotes which quote anything that is not preceded by ,. So one could write this as

#`((volta ,voltaAdLib) start-repeat)

Note that I am now using the backward-pointing quasi-quote after #. If I used the regular quote, the result would be equivalent to

#'((volta (unquote voltaAdLib)) start-repeat)

which does not help. Quasiquotes are usually quite more convenient for list-building with only a few values from variables or function calls than building the list with explicit calls of list. So getting back to your use-case, you'd likely want

set Score.repeatCommands = #`((volta #f ) (volta ,#{ markup "ad lib." #}) end-repeat)

Using #{ markup ... #} directly in Scheme is supported since version 2.16 I think, but of course you can also use a variable like in your first example.