: Developments in musical form in mid-nineteenth - early-twentieth century music I am now studying new approaches to harmony in the Romantic and Impressionistic eras, but I haven't seen anything about formal functions. It

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Actually, the standard forms from the Classical tradition are still largely in play in the mid-nineteenth and into the twentieth century.

Seth Monahan recently published a very well-received book, Mahler's Symphonic Sonatas, that shows how Mahler used the tradition of sonata form in order to create narratives within his works. Sure, these sonata structures are different than you'd find in Haydn or Mozart, including regarding the harmonic innovations that you referenced; but the sonata process is still evident.

We see composers like Richard Strauss writing tone poems in rondo form, and all kinds of composers were writing character pieces in the traditional ternary form.

Keep in mind that some forms only appear in certain places; sonata forms aren't going to occur everywhere, but typically just in their traditional spots of first (and sometimes final) movements of larger works. You'll find sonata forms in instrumental sonatas from Fauré, Berg, Saint-Saëns, Debussy, Schoenberg, Franck, Respighi, Ravel, etc.

Along with Monahan's book, I strongly recommend finding a copy of Richard Strauss: New Perspectives on the Composer and His Work; James Hepokoski's "Strauss's Don Juan Revisited" is required reading for anyone interested in form in this repertoire!