Does the line between the time signature have a name?
In a time signature (4/4 for example), does the / have a term or a name?
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In Printed Music
In typeset music, time signatures are usually not written with a line between the numerator and denominator (at least no more of a line than is already there).
In Text
However, when writing text about music, it is an acceptable convention to use a slash to separate the numerator and denominator. See A Style and Usage Guide to Writing About Music, by Thomas Donahue, p. 40.
In running text, a time signature (or meter) may be written as a fraction with full-size baseline numerals (no superscripts or subscripts) separated by a slash, such as "4/4" or "6/8."
Technically, in typography there is a division between two similar slash-like characters, the solidus and the slash, with the former being used to designate fractions in text (What is the difference between “solidus” and “slash”?). However, in common usage, these symbols are often merged into a single "slash" character. Since the above text references a similarity to fractions, it is likely that a typographer would insist on using the solidus in this case.
So, unless you're engaging in some typography, saying 'slash' instead of 'solidus' should be completely acceptable (and probably more widely understood).
In short, no. That slash is just a shorthand for typing; that's not how time signatures are typically notated.
Some purists would even say that 4/4 is not a valid way to notate a time signature, because it implies equivalence between key signatures that represent the same fractional value. However, this notation has become somewhat accepted in print because there is not a particularly easy way to type two numbers stacked vertically.
I's called a solidus. Less formally (like in ASCII character names), it is a (forward) slash. But the name is not all that important since it is not an actual part of the notation but only occurs when you are writing about it. Incidentally, the notation program LilyPond accepts time 4/4 for writing the time signature for, well, 4/4.
Yes. In the treble clef it's called the B line, whilst in the bass clef it's the D line. In alto and tenor it's different... Aw, c'mon, it's nearly Christmas. I'm working from the heading question!
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