In chord progressions, how can I refer to a chord that's out of the scale?
I'm training a music that is most on the G Major scale.. But then there's a B chord. As B is not on the G Major scale, how can I refer to it when I'm writing the chord progression?
EDIT
My guess is that I should just write a III instead of a iii that would be the normal case. But what about when I must refer to an F? G Maior scale only has a F#m7/5-, how can I refer to an F?
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When writing down progressions in the roman numeral system, most of the time you'll simply be writing the chord relative to the tonal center.
Thus, in the examples you mention, a B chord would be III and an F chord will be a bVII. In the first case, you are altering the modality of a chord that is already in key (Bm to B). In the second instance, you're flattening the seventh-degree chord (F#) and playing it as a major (as in G mixolydian).
When substituting chords in this way, you will either be temporarily stepping out of key or the harmonic context may be modal-based instead of pure diatonic, so be prepared to alter the scale accordingly for single-note passages.
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